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A Polygon Poser

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Edited by Richard Walker, Tuesday 28 July 2026 at 00:12

A convex polygon is one that has no reentrant corners, or to put it differently, has no interior angles greater than 180 postfix degree . Figure 1 below is convex; Figure 2 is not.

An acute angle is one that is less than a tight angle, that is, less than 90 postfix degree .

Prove that a convex polygon with n greater than or equals three sides can never have more than three acute angles and that for any n greater than or equals three it is possible to construct a polygon with exactly three acute angles.

For the proof, see the Comments.

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Richard Walker

Part 1

To see that a convex polygon cannot have as many as four acute angles, first recall that the interior angles of a polygon with n sides add up to two times n minus four right angles.

If the polygon had four acute angle they would together use up less than four right angles, since an acute angle is less than one right angle by definition.

Therefore the sum of the remaining n minus four angles would be greater than left parenthesis two times n minus four right parenthesis minus four equals two times n minus eight right angles and the mean average of these angles would be greater than two times n minus eight divided by n minus four equals two right angles. This implies at least one angle is greater than two right angles, which is impossible, because such an angle would represent a reentrant corner, contradicting our assumption that the polygon is convex.

Richard Walker

Part 2

We can easily construct a quadrilateral with three acute angles for example

Now if we bevel off vetted X, as indicated by the dotted line, we obtain a pentagon with three acute angles. Bevel off one of the new vertices so formed and we will have hexagon. Continuing in this way we can construct a polygon with any number of sides and exactly three acute angles.