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METAPHOR

• A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
• A thing regarded as representative or symbolic of something else, esp. something abstract.

Wikipedia - Dictionary.com - Answers.com - Merriam-Webster

ANALOGY

• A comparison between two things, typically on the basis of their structure and for the purpose of explanation or clarification - an analogy between the workings of nature and those of human societies - he interprets logical functions by analogy with
• A thing that is comparable to something else in significant respects - works of art were seen as an analogy for works of nature
• A process of arguing from similarity in known respects to similarity in other respects
• A process by which new words and inflections are created on the basis of regularities in the form of existing ones
• The resemblance of function between organs that have a different evolutionary origin