The Knights Templar, founded in the early 12th century, served as a medieval military and religious order with a mission to protect pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem. Recognized by their distinct white mantles with a red cross, the Templars gained significant influence and wealth.
Their primary role was ensuring the safety of Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land, and they also became financial experts with a sophisticated banking system. However, their decline began in the 13th century, marked by military defeats, loss of key territories, and accusations of heresy. In 1312, Pope Clement V disbanded the order, leading to the execution of the last Grand Master, Jacques de Molay.
