OU blog

Personal Blogs

Steven Oliver

New blog post

Visible to anyone in the world
Edited by Steven Oliver, Tuesday, 3 June 2025, 20:07

We looked at wills as primary sources of information about early modern work in module A223, so thought I'd share a few images of a document I'm (very, very slowly and very, very painfully 🙂) trying to decipher. If nothing else it has given me an incredible respect for the people who made the transcriptions that we use in the OU materials and appreciate what a skill it is to read old handwriting!

I'm very lucky that my local archives hold originals for a number of wills for the village where I live and so I couldn't resist having a look at the earliest one I could find within the A223 period. In fact it's the inventory for the goods of a local bigwig, John Myklefeld of Bolton, who died around 1525.

Have to say when I first unfolded it I was convinced it was in latin (or elvish!! 🤣), it was only once I twigged that the last line in the photo here was, 'The goods in the halle' that I realised I could make some progress.


I'm still struggling with almost all of it, but there were a few 'work' related elements that I've made out and thought were a good link with this week's content.

This was in 'the kitchen', and reads (I think):

'Item - one Spynnyng wheill ----- 4pence', so there was spinning work being done.


It's a rural area, and so someone had to have been looking after his 'mayrs and hors' (mares and horses)


and also his '...ii kye & ii kalffs' ( 2 cows and 2 calves)


I'm nowhere near working out what John's goods were valued at in total, but he was obviously a wealthy man in the community and it must have largely been the work of others that had been supporting him in life.

It's been a great lesson for me in just how hard-won knowledge of the past might be! 


Permalink
Share post
Steven Oliver

Trade, charity and poverty

Visible to anyone in the world
Edited by Steven Oliver, Tuesday, 3 June 2025, 19:45

This was a great place in York to think about both A223 chapters on work and poverty. It's the Merchant Adventurers' Hall, the oldest bits of which which date back to 1357.




Upstairs is the Great Hall, a place for ceremony and feasting for the City's merchants (often traders across the North Sea).


Downstairs has always been more strongly associated with alms and charitable welfare support. It has served as a dwelling place for impoverished local people, initially in the context of a religious fraternity (you can see a chapel at the far end). There are other halls in the city where the poor were put to work at different times, but I'm not sure if that was the case here. It was a prison briefly, but only in the context of the civil war when parliamentary soldiers were kept here whilst the city was under royalist control. 


By the end of the early modern period  it had become the location of a dispensary for the (deserving!) poor - apparently pensioners were still housed in this area until the start of the 20th century. The wealthy could donate to the charity and this in turn supported 'tickets' distributed through religious groups (including non-conformists - though I think York's Quaker population may have made different arrangements) which could be exchanged for treatment and support.


A set of Guild banners are displayed across the hall and it's fun trying to guess the trade from the coat of arms - the teasel in the banner below is probably a bit of a give away that these were the 'Clothworkers', but I learned the devices above are 'habicks' that were some sort of spring to hold cloth under tension. 

Of course, like a lot of York, these banners are a bit of a cheat 🙂 actually only dating back to 1909 and a 'Pageant' that included some dressing up to commemorate the city's relationship with King Richard III (although the arms are all the real-deal).


I was interested to discover that the Company of Merchant Adventurers still looks after 13 'deserving older members of York’s community' - under a licence that dates back to Edward III in 1373!

Permalink
Share post

This blog might contain posts that are only visible to logged-in users, or where only logged-in users can comment. If you have an account on the system, please log in for full access.

Total visits to this blog: 37562