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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:10

I'm quite surprised people have noticed my blog posts. I was forced into posting pictures here as the Wiki software (used for the U316 EMA) wouldn't upload images directly from my computer.

The images are included in my EMA for U316 (which I can't include here) "Urine diverting dry toilets: are they safe and are they sustainable?"

I had originally intended to study the topic from a selfish point of view as I wish to build a UDDT for my own use. Once I started to research the subject I realised that I had tapped into a world of pain and suffering. 2.5 billion people on this planet have no improved sanitation. 1.6 billion men and women, girls and boys are forced to defecate in the open.

As much as I am interested in the beauty of nature all around us, these statistics staggered me, and I had no doubt that the subject of my EMA had found me.

I have some experience of poor sanitation having travelled through Nepal whilst suffering from dysentery - and I remember the horror of having to defecate in a field, watched by a bus full of people. To think that there are so many people who cannot escape this miserable practice day-in, day-out fills me with sadness and horror. To see the injustice makes my heart strain for humanity to take a different direction from the model of uneven consumption we have created for ourselves.

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:42

Indian woman - manual scavenging

Manual scavenging in India, n.d. [online] <http://hillpost.in/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Manual-scavenging.jpg> [Accessed 26th September 2012].
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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:41

Photo showing composted human manure for agriculture, It is hygienic, odourless and nutritious for plants (Photo Julia Littmann)

Composted human excreta. [online] <http://www.flickr.com/photos/23116228@N07/3382862360> [Accessed September 25, 2012].

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:39

Man inspecting a high capacity community-scale struvite reactor.

Struvite feriliser produced from human urine. (b)Struvite reactor. A more efficient reactor than (a), but needing power. [online] <http://www.flickr.com/photos/soilhaiti/7255638058/> [Accessed September 25, 2012].

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:40

The STUN reactor showing the 7 steps of struvite production.

Struvite feriliser produced from human urine.(a)The STUN reactor showing the 7 steps of struvite production. [online] <http://www.eawag.ch/medien/20091119/reaktor-gr.jpg?hires> [Accessed September 25, 2012].

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:09

Urine diversion pedestal (a) and schematic representation of urine-diversion ('dry-box') toilet (b).

 

This is not my own design, it is a fairly standard schematic for a single UDDT, which could be easily adapted depending on context. I copied the graphic from: Urine Diverting Dry Toilet TechnologyUrine diversion pedestal (a) and schematic representation of urine-diversion ('dry-box') toilet (b). <http://www.scielo.org.za/img/revistas/wsa/v35n1/a18fig01.jpg> (Accessed 25 September 2012).

The full text of the paper containing the above image can be found here in pdf format: http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1816-79502009000100018&lng=en&nrm=iso

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:41

UnsustEcoServFBLoop

Steve Russell - OU undergraduate student.

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:38

Nutrient cycle

Open (Broken), and closed (Intact) sanitation systems (2005) [online] Available at: <http://www.weblife.org/humanure/chapter2_1.html> [Accessed 18 Sep. 2012].

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:33

Hanging toilet - Mumbai

Sebastian D’Souza/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images, 2006. Figure S.1  Hanging toilet over children swimming. Mumbai, Maharashtra. Available at: <http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2012/03/28/world/asia/28-toilet-IndiaInk/28-toilet-IndiaInk-blog480.jpg> [Accessed 22 Sep. 2012].
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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:32

Faecal-oral pathways of disease

Transmission Pathways of Fecal-Oral Disease. (a)  General transmission pathways, [online] <http://www.who.int/entity/quantifying_ehimpacts/global/en/ArticleEHP052002.pdf

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:46

Hanging toilet

Depletion of ecosystem services resulting from unhygienic sanitation. [online] <http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/magazine/healthcare-kasmauski/kasmauski_page_02_image_03.jpg> (Accessed 12th September, 2012).

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:37

Burst sewer and sinkhole, Portland, Oregan

Water and sewer: A city of Portland truck falls into a sinkhole in Southeast Portland in December 2006 after pipes under the street collapsed. Water and sewer systems nationwide are old and deteriorating. 2006. [online] Available at: <http://blog.oregonlive.com/politics_impact/2008/06/large_sewer29.jpg> [Accessed 21 Sep. 2012].

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 19:27
Faecal-oral pathways of disease with barriers
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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:44

Young girl defecating in the open. Matahare, Nairobi

Anon, n.d. Figure S1  Open Defecation, Matahare, Nairobi.jpg. Available at: <http://majidata.go.ke/gallery/Open%20Defecation,%20Mathare,%20Nairobi%20(1)%20(MajiData).jpg>;.
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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:35

MDG - regions of the world

Millennium Development Indicators: Regions of the World. 2003. [online] Available at: <http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Host.aspx?Content=Data/Trends.htm> (Accessed September 4, 2012)

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:37

The CBR of improved sanitation

Benefit-cost ratios of interventions to attain universal access of improved sanitation, by region (2010), 2012. [online] Available at: <http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/2012/globalcosts.pdf> (Accessed September 15, 2012).

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Edited by Steve Russell, Thursday, 27 Sept 2012, 20:47

Bangladesh - unimproved toilet

Anon, n.d. Unimproved sanitation, Bangladesh.jpg. Available at: <http://www.peepoople.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/A_0003_IMG_9893.jpg>;.
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