OU blog

Personal Blogs

Stylised image of a figure dancing

Outline stigma and stereotypes relating to mental health illness

Visible to anyone in the world
Edited by Martin Cadwell, Thursday, 10 Oct 2024, 06:06

four aliens around a table - one is red

A scattering of evocative words that can be perceived to be arising from applying stigma, stereotypical perceptions and behaviour can easily offend someone. Usually, a person will be silently offended, but the wound is still injurious to their health. Expressions such as ‘wonky mental health’, ‘mental aberration’, or phrases such as, ‘Perhaps then, it is only myself that will see a ‘fixed mindset’ as being something that must be quickly shoved aside by those with a ‘growth mindset’, can always be considered to be indicative of contempt, dislike or misunderstanding and bigotry. Indeed, if I heard someone describe an individual as having wonky mental health I would be inclined to reflect on my own attitudes to persons with mental ill-health. Sometimes, though, there is a desire to illuminate precarious subject material in a less dark format. Perhaps, it is my own take on highlighting the prevalence of mental health by speaking in the vernacular.

Certainly, I do not need to write using any slang, idioms, colloquialisms, or with analogies and metaphors. Technical writing, with the exception of Wiley’s series of ‘…..for Dummies’ books, are particular in the prevalence of phrases and words that are colourful, descriptive, and thought-provoking. Many people will not study a STEM subject precisely because there is no fluid knowledge allowed in the subject text.

So, how does a person in a conversation with another person appeal to the other person except through the use of shared language, including expletives, when both persons are ultimately seeking approval? Of course, there are many people who are morally correct with coming across as self-serving or self-righteous. These people will have their own preferred group of friends and acquaintances and does not include individuals who have strong views on mental ill-health and the sufferers of mental-ill-health, and never the twain shall meet. Methinks, they do protest too much; you know, Smoke-fire; kettle, pot, black.

In passing, I told a psychiatrist that I have been tested as having an IQ of 130 and also tested to have an IQ of 70, and then went on to remind him that dogs have an IQ of 70, to which he replied that some dogs have a higher IQ than that. We know that the bell curve for Intelligence Quotient includes outliers that are quite distant from the average 100 (103 in latter years), so there is a tendency to rope all individuals with mental ill-health into a group as being intelligence-poor; ‘normal’ people as being those who watch television; take holidays abroad once a year for which they save up for; own a car; and expect to retire at the age specified by the Government of the time; while people with higher or lower than usual IQs are ‘weird’; ‘mavericks’; and ‘misfits’.

Clearly, there is a correlation between diminished mental acuity and detectable mental ill-health. Would we expect a depressed person who is contemplating their own permanent demise  to score highly in an IQ test at the time of their wish to stop thinking? Of course not. The person experiencing emotional distress will, of course, be distracted by their perceived situation, such that they will find concentration and focus on a task very difficult.

Samaritans (phone) 116 123

Contact your tutor.


It is fair to say then, that we all undergo differing degrees of mental acuity and this is due to the time of day, levels of energy, and degrees of our mental freedom. It is not a measure of my high IQ test that is relevant since it only realistically reflects that I was unaffected by ANY mental ill-health on the day and at that precise time. It is not a metric which should have any lasting impression on myself or anyone else.

In any case, we are what we eat and mental acuity is facilitated by a good diet, so none of us can accurately assess someone else’s mental capacity and capabilities without first knowing whether their physical and nutritional needs are being adequately met. The only real use of attaining a high level of intelligence quotient is that it acts as something that should be a reminder that it should not be marred by excessive living and works as a goad to force a better, and more considered, presentation of one’s aptitudes.

Misconceptions arise from inductive reasoning. which is most people’s preferred method of making some sense of their world, because they can use heuristics to speed up a decision. Stigma, which is a word most often used by people who present as being different to the ‘norm’ and is a perception of potential negative stereotypical behaviour towards them that applies to their difference. However, just like the words ‘skeptical’ and ‘dubious’ being misused (One can be skeptical about a dubious offer – one cannot be dubious about a skeptical offer – even when there is a skeptical offer from a skeptical person who has a dubious life-story). We should be clear that ‘a stigma is a mark of disgrace that sets a person apart from others’.

There is a common misconception: Individuals with mental health conditions are violent, cannot work or function properly in society because they are unpredictable and unreliable, and they will never get better. Another, people with mental health conditions are weak or have character flaws and these people are rare. In summary then, we should run them out of society and make them live on a remote island where they can fend for themselves or die trying (Oh, sorry, the last bit is the plot from ‘Lord of the Flies’)

There certainly is a valid correlation between occasions of mental ill-health and violence. Violence comes from an inability to adequately control one’s behaviour and exhibits itself as having a lack of clarity of vocal expression to satisfy the degree that the pugilistic person wants to use to hurt the other person. The actual misconception is that individuals with mental health conditions are inherently violent and have short tempers, so will attack even when they are unprovoked.

There is a valid correlation between individuals with permanent mental health conditions and a landscape of insufficient support and help. Also, similar to string theory, because there is an observance of a phenomenon, there is a corresponding effect on the observed element or entity. In simpler terms, but slightly distinct from that similarity, if people have knowledge that someone in their street is an alcoholic, will that alcoholic ever be able to shake off the stigma of being an alcoholic when they have not been intoxicated for decades, if they do not move home? That ex-alcoholic will be forced into a diminished mental state by vicarious influence, and not necessarily influenced by the thoughts that the alcoholic originally had.

‘Positive relationships make employees feel supported and generate an improved attitude towards the organisation and work. They will feel happier and have better mental health, which will make them more resilient in the face of problems and stressful situations both in the workplace and outside it. It will lead to fewer workplace absences and a happier, more productive workplace.’

There is a valid correlation between mental ill-health and weakness or character flaws. If negative stereotypical behaviour is directed towards an individual who is different, that individual will need support from a group of either, mental health workers, or a group of like-minded or similar people. Because we use the word ‘resilient’ as a descriptor of good mental health, when we perceive mental ill-health we use the antonym of the synonym to ‘resilient’. The opposite of strong (resilient) is weak. This can be explained away as not being a negatively stereotypical word as much as it is a lack of clarity of expression. What is the direct antonym to resilient, and why do we use ‘resilient’ to describe an aspect of good mental health, when we know that the working antonym is ‘weak’?

When a mental health condition is so apparent that it becomes a subject of interest to others there must be an attendant display of behaviour that has been perceived to be a correlation to the individual’s mental stability or health. We would be silly to think that in order to be predictable or reliable we must first have mental good health. We know that none of us are predictable and all of us are unreliable. Yet, it is also true that unpredictability and unreliable behaviour is one of the first indicators of mental ill-health when it is taken in the context of a work setting, otherwise the individual is entirely fit to continue in their work role and does not require immediate attention from support workers unless the individual is actually perceived to show other signs of distress, or volunteers such information.

People who exhibit mental ill-health or profess to suffer, or live with, mental ill-health are rare only because their mental ill-health has exacerbated to a detectable degree. Just imagine if the majority of people do present with detectable mental ill-health conditions that surpass the threshold that society places on adequate funtionality in the public environment; would you, like Wonko the Sane in Douglas Adams’ book ‘So long and thanks for all the fish’, consider that you were living in a asylum for mentally-ill people?

Despite there being an idea, that is quite widely promulgated, that one in four people will experience mental ill-health conditions at some point in their life; this is quite untrue. There are periods of extreme anxiety in all our lives at some point. When a loved one dies; only a heartless person (someone who is accepted to have a mental ill-health condition) would not grieve for the newly departed and that sense of loss remains; and who has not been distraught and inconsolably cried when our first love dumped us, and been ever affected by that into cautious love?

Since we know that the seven stages of grief are the contra-wise scale of mental ill-health to that of the Mental Health Continuum, we can be sure that the reason that we are not told that all of us will suffer from a mental health condition is because we are not strong enough to deal with this information; in other words – we lack resilience in the face of reality.

I don’t think it helps to promote the idea that three-quarters of the population are in, and will consistently remain in, a position in which they feel safe to judge one quarter of the population as being different, (for difference read inferior); because if there is a minority there is an outlier from the norm; and which civilisation in history correctly perceived their foreign controlling masters, who were in the minority, as being superior to themselves. Thanks, and a doff of the hat to the empires that subjugated nations, for that idea, and the proven concept that the majority will ultimately prevail unless they are suitably hobbled in their attempts.

But, that hobbling is to prevent anarchy. Perhaps, like getting the digital point in the wrong place for the content of iron in spinach, the actual truth is that one in four of us is experiencing mental ill-health at any given time.

So, these misconceptions that derive from heuristics and result in negative stereotyping when a stigma is encountered, are validated by being in the proverbial majority of ‘unfettered’ thinkers.

Finally, let me examine the misuse of the word ‘resilient’ when applying it to be something to aspire to, or be a metric of mental good health. A story of an Eastern mystic comes to mind. Stereo-typically, they give good advice. The mystic said that we should be like a sapling in a great wind; it bends with the wind and returns to its shape when the storm has passed. 'Do not be like the strong Oak tree', he went on, 'which is firm and stiff and breaks in the wind and cannot return to its shape when the storm has passed'.

We find that the sapling survives because it is malleable and the mature oak tree breaks because it is immutable in its nature. When we say ‘resilience’ we are egregiously conflating the nature of a sapling with a mature oak because we think they are both resilient to force, they are, but different types of force.

How have we drifted away from understanding that the expression ‘You can’t teach an old dog, new tricks’ means that a young dog’s thinking is mutable and an old dog’s thinking is immutable? Very small children are far better at recovering from emotional trauma than mature adults, because small children are resilient due to their mutability. Resilient to change, means immutable or inert. ‘Adaptable to change’ means mutable.

Permalink
Share post
Stylised image of a figure dancing

Positive relationships and effective communication

Visible to anyone in the world
Edited by Martin Cadwell, Sunday, 13 Apr 2025, 06:12

4 stylised creatures

Continuing my response to a level 3 Certificate in 'Mental Health and Mental Health Advocacy at Work' during which I tried to use the null hypothesis to prove the positive hypothesis.


Explain the importance of positive relationships and effective communication when supporting individuals with mental ill health. 



The importance of positive relationships:


People are fragile; fragile in their ability to believe in themselves. One of the ways that people affirm their relevance is by talking about other people when those people are absent. Because most of us are so fragile that we compare ourselves to other people in the hope of finding some kind of malfeasance or aberration in those other people which does not exist in us, we need to make announcements to friends, colleagues, and relatives of our brilliance by inferring the possession of opposite traits to the slurred persons. However, only the most crass person would make direct comparisons out loud. In diminishing other people during conversation (some would say gossip) we might say ‘She can’t keep a job’ and ‘She sponges off the Government’ to infer by suppressed premises that if one can say that about another in a disapproving manner, then one is not of the same ilk, or is better than that.

In order for this kind of conversation to take place, there must exist, at least, a perception in the speaker that the recipient of these treacherous statements is receptive to such atrocious postulation. In these situations there is a mutual bonding taking place, or a reaffirmation of a bond.

Sadly, it is the human condition to make comparisons to other people, past or present. Even in a religious group there should be a continuous and concerted striving to be a better person than one has been in the past or, in a fug of self-righteousness, better than the ‘nasty’ person they have just encountered in the shop or at the bus-stop. How then can we have a positive relationship with anyone if we are different to the norm that the individual is used to, without also ‘back-stabbing’? If we are different to the person we are trying to reach, will that person relax in our presence?

With this in mind, a positive relationship with an individual with mental ill health, when supporting them, must either be fully intertwined with an acceptance of their mental ill health which may present as them being part of the hegemony of talking about people behind their backs (which is plainly a sign of mental ill health - doubting themselves or feeling insecure or diminished); or completely refrain from mentioning their insipid perception of others and their characteristic of openly maligning other people. So, the dichotomy is whether to be mentally ill and join in, or ignore this widespread manifestation of mental ill health in others and be seen as ‘holier than thou’. It is not without purpose that many religions have an underlying current of advising the supplicant to be non-judgemental; In other words – don’t bring someone down in your estimation to make yourself feel better.

Here then, we can understand that making no judgement and refraining from making declarative statements is a good position to be in when preparing a figurative garden for positive relationships to grow. And, this is certainly where one should be when supporting someone with mental ill health.

Putting aside narcissism and its cousins as being aspects of mental ill health, and driving too fast, unprotected sex, and getting drunk at the weekends as being self-harm, perhaps we should focus on the blatant and most commonly perceived mental ill health manifestations and, more keenly, on vocally expressed mental angst or ill health as being the best grounds for positive relationships to be efficacious when in support of someone with mental ill-health; as in ‘I am the same as you’.

Many full time employees spend more time at work than at home with their families, or in the company of their friends and preferred acquaintances. This actually might not be true yet it is true that they may not be adequately engaged with their families – either they are asleep or lack fertile consciousness in a flagging relationship. If a fruitful engagement is lacking outside of work, then it is important that the individual is in a positive environment at work, if only as a bolt-hole. In a positive work environment, with positive relationships, there is a reduction of the chance of employees feeling isolated. Many isolated individuals can descend into an attitude of low motivation and low morale. Of course, these two traits, from the business’ position will negatively impact on productivity or the quality of the work effort.

However, where there are positive relationships, populated by trust, encouragement, empathy, and support, employees should feel more positive in their approach to problems, at work and outside of work, and even the banality of their work if their role involves repetitious effort or mundane tasks. With positive relationships at work, even though they may be superficial and conditional on being an employee at the same work site, there is good reason to believe that absenteeism is reduced and there is a better worker to output ratio.



The importance of communication, including having difficult conversations and active listening:


A question that arises here is: How far should Corporate Social Responsibility extend, and what should be included in the package?

Of course, company policies and procedures, Health & Safety Regulations, and hierarchical protocols need to be made clear to the inductee during an initial meeting at work. And, certainly, these aspects of being in work need to be re-iterated or, at least, available to the employees. Yet, how far should the employer reach into their employees personal lives?

While, large organisations may have an HR department that can handle mental health issues, most of the UK’s economy is made up of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). In fact, according to businessadvice.co.uk, 99% of the nation’s business population is an SME, which together employ 60% of the country’s workforce. SMEs individually have less than 250 employees and an annual turnover of less than £50 million GBP.

Communication is so important that it is problematic when the content or direction of communication is inappropriate, or perceived to be invasive. As for difficult conversations, there must be at least one participant who has an even countenance and a large degree of equanimity. Where does a small business find someone like that?

Realistically, a good listener who can show empathy is most useful when difficult conversations are to be had or commence. Someone trained in Personal Sales, particularly Solution Sales, would be a good person to designate as the go-to mental health person. Let us never forget that any concerns that an employee has about their work conditions and environment is indicative of a risk factor for mental ill health. Work-related issues SHOULD therefore be dealt with, with one eye on preventing, diverting, or alleviating mental anxiety.

From a wide and wistful perspective, the two old chaps working together at jointly hand-sawing a log at a sawyers mill, who barely talk at all is a scene of connectedness, even communication; if this is a scene in ‘The Waltons’, the 1970s television series set somewhere on an American mountain. Today, the trust in a work colleague’s ability and capacity can be as reassuring to employees as when there is a fevered to-and-fro rap between a conversation’s participants. Inevitably though, someone with mental ill health will have a predilection towards using their SmartPhone to assuage their worries and their inability to ameliorate their perceived problems; the typical ‘Ostrich with its head in the sand’ syndrome.

In contrast, if we go back to ‘The Waltons’ scene there is a reassurance of stability, trust, and a well of sound advice waiting to quench any thirst when feeling uneasy. This lack of vocal conversation is the most valuable, and rarest, facet of good communication.

Postive relationships require communication, and communication that is intended to be effective as a platform for understanding an individual will likely be open to shared work concerns and reciprocal support. Participants in this type of communication might include managers, supervisors, work colleagues holding the same position, tutors, and welfare staff (including HR).

Back to SmartPhones: Active listening usually means showing the speaker that one is listening to them. Often, this is accomplished by paraphrasing their statements and sending it back to them. This assures the speaker that they are making sense and they are understood by an attentive and interested person. In the modern day, a dilemma arises on whether a SmartPhone in the meeting should be used during a conversation to access a website that pertains to mental health, or clarification on a legal aspect, or something else that is currently being discussed. We, commonly, believe that the use of a digital device during a conversation with a real person in the same room (analogue conversation) is indicative of diverted attention. It is, however, fine to use a pen and paper, in a 1970 / 80s film scene that is set in a psychiatrists office.

Whether to actually take notes is a bone of contention; many people would feel slighted if the listener did not take notes. It comes down to this: if the listener has never had any kind of therapy or attended a GP or A&E department at a hospital with any kind of serious problem then this listener would not be inclined to take notes because they might be following an idea that it shows a lack of concentration on the speaker’s words (diverted attention).

If the SPEAKER has had therapy or attended their GP or A&E with a serious condition they would be used to having notes taken as they speak. Consequently, this speaker would feel affronted and ignored if notes are not taken. Whether the speaker is talking nonsense or not, the words, disjointed sentences, and spoken references, are important to them at that time. Special attention MUST be shown to those words, and particularly any emphasis placed on them. We all know, though, that if you write your thoughts down when you come back from the pub on a Friday night, the next morning they make no sense. Nonetheless, they were important at the time. If the words are nonsense in listening circumstances then just doodle notes if you are listening, or even not listening.

The hazard here is that only one in four people will experience strong mental ill health; which means that three in four people believe they are normal and they use a misaligned form of thinking to deal with other people, more specifically the one person in four segment of the population. ‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.’ Completely wrong when you are dealing with mental crisis or any kind of relationship – it takes no consideration of what the other person(s) actually feel and what THEY want to happen. The Biblical sense behind the statement is that one should not steal from; lie to; attack; talk about; take advantage of; another person. It makes no in-roads into deciding what personal preferences someone else has.

Certainly, CARES, one of many Customer Service protocols, has:

Communication as its first goal - clearly communicate the process and set expectations;

Accountability - taking responsibility for fixing the problem;

Responsiveness - don’t make the customer wait for for your communication or solution;

Empathy – acknowledge the impact that the situation has on the customer;

Solution – at the end of the day, make sure to solve the issue(s) or answer the question.

Permalink
Share post

This blog might contain posts that are only visible to logged-in users, or where only logged-in users can comment. If you have an account on the system, please log in for full access.

Total visits to this blog: 7476