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woke up full of insights

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Woke up early this morning full of ideas.I need to add a section on Discussion. The TMA went Findings -> Conclusions, bypassing Reflecting and Discussing. I am not happy at all with the conclusions I wrote. They were to "flow logically" from the findings, but how is that possible without contextualising the findings?

1 I have read a paper which inter alia discusses the overlap between the use of the terms 'practice' and 'participation' in CoP theory. (Handle et al. 2006). Sometimes it is practice as in the sense of 'practitioner' as in the Situated Learning cases of apprenticeship. Sometimes it is equate to any verb. In my TMA, i have used the first sense for my introduction and the second sense for my research. So in the introduction i talk about 'evaluators' as an example of practice. Whereas in the rest of the paper i see that as part of a 'domain of knowledge' and the practice as what people actually do. This is possibly because the 'practice' in the sense of being a "practitioner of jointly developing myself and other AWARD Alumni" is weird.

2. AWARD has a well articulated Theory of Change which attempts to identify critical change factors which are preconditions for a certain future

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One precondition is that "a critical mass of women starts to self-organize, influence and lead". An alumni group can be seen as a sub-system supporting this. this precondition has been unpacked by AWARD as having preconditions of its own, which are a commitment to social change, advancement in studies and career, and taking up leadership positions. Each fellow has a road map which can be conceptualized as her own purposeful system aligned with the general movement. The strength of the model is its complexity and holistic nature and nested purposes. So each woman is on a dynamic trajectory comprising her purposeful activity within this framework AND in a relational dynamic with her community of academic practitioners AND a relational dynamic with her institute AND a relational dynamic with the structures of her country.

I am surprised I was surprised at the breadth of nested purposes expressed.

So, now what? Well, the paper Helen shared with me on seeing organizations as a dynamic and tangled web of nested goals (Vangen and Huxham 2011) is helpful for unpacking this some. it suggests that goals are multiple and can be characterised as being on dimensions of: level (network/individual), origin (internal/external), authenticity (genuine or pseudo), relevance (network-dependent or not), content (substantive or process), overtness (explicit or tacit or partially shared).

In terms of my research methodology, it means that the heuristic i chose to use is woefully simple as it implies 'One shared domain', one shared practice and one shared community - yes in a complex landscape of other interacting CoP but nonetheless as quite a simple system. It needs to be expanded to incorporate the fact that a CoP can include many concurrent complementary purposes at once.

Maybe a CoP heuristic is not helpful, not because of any failing of CoP theory, but because it is not helpful to think of this constellation as a CoP. it is a wicked constellation, a dynamic tangled web of nested goals, maybe seeing it as a CoP prematurely tames it (particularly given the wealth of literature that considers a CoP as a 'thing' to create, steward or nurture). Note here also the other paper Helen shared, which is by Robert Chia and distinguishes between a 'becoming' and a 'being' ontology. The latter sees things, structures, processes which can be managed, the former recognises that things are recognised as such in one photographic moment in a world of flux. So we may do well to consider our 'CoP' as a becoming towards the critical mass noted before.

Which brings me back to the name. Calling it a CoP reveals and conceals. One thing it conceals is the forward-looking, action-oriented, becomingness. This is accentuated by the word 'alumni'. Alumni implies backward looking, community has no sense of movement. However, 'alumni' is important for identity, meaning and social capital, so i suggest we leave that in for the time being. For the community part, how about we call it an "action network" (a la Steve Waddell) whose network theory will be discussed too? Vicki was concerned that the alumni might fix so much on the low level goals that the Dream level, WHY level goals get neglected. Maybe in the name we need to have a reminder of that too? Or will the name start to get silly then? How about...

AWARD alumni action network for rural women?

 

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random thoughts

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I am having a few days off between the last assignment and the full blown end of module assessment. Off in the sense of allowing myself to read some of the pile of literature that i didn't read as part of the lit review and that now seems ever more pertinent. Slightly worried that this will just give me even more far too much material for the EMA but it is a gift to myself to have a few days reading. The works are kind of split into three groups - practical 'typology of a virtual community of practice' type docs, theoretical social learning docs, and organizational understanding collaboration type docs. I like the middle ones best. What this means is that a. i run the risk of my EMA trying to run in three directions simultaneously and going nowhere, b. i run the risk of ending up with too much material and too many ideas, c. if i favour the middle i run the risk of being too airy fairy for this practice oriented project. Wow. Studying is really a risky business.

Anyway, just wanted to note about CoPs, i have this paper by Kimble (2006), a very good critique of the concept showing how it evolved with the evolving historical context. CoPs have been seen as a heuristic device, a theory, and an application in turn. I guess what I am doing is going back to seeing it as a heuristic device, but what i thought i was doing at times was looking at it as an application. Which is why sometimes i end up trying to name the parts as it were "This is the purpose" "This is the community". Using it as a heuristic allows for a more fluid 'becoming' view (Chia, 1995). With thanks to helen for lending me that paper.

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three intersecting trajectories

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Helen's comment on the last post made me think. We have these three dynamic streams interacting: the fellows, the alumni thing and the environment. I realise now that I didn't explore enough the fellows' personal trajectory and now i have a lot of questions about that.

Some fellows want to use the alumni group as a way of sharing good practices and experiences about reaching the poor in rural communities; others want to use it to multiply the AWARD effect and build agricultural science leadership capacity in other cohorts of women and girls, others want to use it to increase their visibility and further their careers.

Now it could be that some people are more egotistical than others, but i suspect the difference lies with the fellows progress on their trajectory. Those who are now quite high in their career want to give back, make a difference, set agendas and influence policy. How can i explore this? Well, i guess i could look at the job title... but the job title we have on file is the one they started the fellowship with not necessarily current. Though I am sure i could find the current one with a little effort.

And/or i can share these findings - somehow in a way that does not judge fellows on the basis of their altruism - and see if it rings true to them. So, possibly sharing one to one not as a wider forum...?

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... and linking to CoP theory

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The purpose/domain/enterprise is there in spades, but at different levels which we might like to see as subsystems in a larger subsystem and that really is what the last blog post was about. The domain as empowerment of women in African agriculture.

The community is there in quite a lot of ways. Identity and meaning (reread the original Wenger 98). The feeling of being an AWARD Fellow, even when you are not doing anything. But the actual linkages and networks are fragmented and incomplete so they need building up.

Practice. This is what is patchy. When fellows were in the fellowship they knew what their practice was - it was building their capacity and leadership skills. Now they are a little unfocused and confused. They have some shared repertoire of skills and experiences: like the MOWs, and road maps and so on. But they need some tasks, objectives, a rhythm (see Wenger and Snyder again for this bit and maybe Dube)

The institutional context is pretty much what we knew: inter-institutional, low bandwith, little time.

Phase: it is in a phase that it reached a peak in the fellowship and now it is faling off. almost like starting anew except that the identity and meaning are already very strong.

CoP competence: noone met so far  seems to have the convening capacity needed to facilitate the CoP. This will need to be built up strategically

I have to confess that the last three bore me. I think i included them in my initial analysis post lit review as i found the CoP literature kind of generic. But once i have applied it to a real situation it no longer seems generic, but really quite useful. These latter three parts are kind of more of interest to work than this study. Oh. I just remembered that the study is to look at the alumni through a CoP lens to sustain the positive effects of AWARD. So they are relevant to my research question. They are just less interesting to ME. I like the patterny theory bits.I am a Myers Briggs ENFJ - you know. Those nitty gritty details just don't do it for me like a good theoretical framework does.

 

 

 

 

 

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emerging themes

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going through the interviews i can see different needs and readinesses of the fellows. Reasons for wanting an alumni scheme seem to depend on the fellows' progress on their personal trajectory:

  • skills acquisition, motivation, access to expertise
  • desire to share forward, multiply what they have experienced, sharing forward leadership training, writing training and mentoring younger fellows in instituttions , sensitiszing men, reaching out to girls in schools
  • desire to engage with external environment, set agendas, influence policy, lead relevant research

Frameworks to help understand this or locate individuals are:

Mayoux four powers framework that we use in AWARD

  • power from within (confidence, motivation, networking for inspiration)
  • power to do (skills acquistion, networking for personal career development)
  • power over (resource generation, networking for visibility)
  • power with (setting agendas, influencing policy, networking for concerted action)

What i feel doesn't fit exactly and maybe this extends that framework a bit, is the desire many of them have to act as a multiplier of the AWARD effect. Maybe the empowerment framework is seen principally as a personal thing and doesn't cater for this kind of altruistic power to in the sense of giving it to... What other preposition could we use to render this idea?

Power from? Power through? Power beyond? Power across?

Waddell typology of networks

societal learning. Networks can be seen as a typology of increasing societal impact where the last is generative network in which the network is outward looking and aims to create societal change.

Appreciative systems

Using the term 'readinesses' made me think of Vicker's appreciative systems.  I wonder if there is anything there which could be helpful in this analysis. TIme to go back and reread.

Kitchener's three levels of cognition

AWARD helps the fellows solve problems better, then they get meta prepared, reflexive, self aware to step out of their scientific cloud and see the bigger purpose (as Sheila Ommeh said). A third level can be seen as trying rather than being good at adapting to the envrionment, as trying to shape the environment.

Of course the framework i haven't mentioned is the actual CoP framework that guided my research. I hope that is not going to matter....

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Chapter 8 Patton: on data analysis

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1. When you start seeing patterns, don't pretend you can't see them, but start actively looking for alternative explanations and patterns that would invalidate these initial insights (p437)

2. Once all the data is in, we have two main ways to organise the analysis: the questions from the design stage, and the analytic insights that emerged during data collection.

3. You can go back to interviewees for more, to enrich or clarify.

4. "Perfectionism breeds imperfections" - "perfectionist and forced analysis ... undermines the authenticity of inductive, qualitative analysis". Analysis will find patterns. But also "vagaries, uncertainties and ambiguities".

5. Description comes first. (p438) Before you can start to answer "why?" you have to describe what you have. p439 lists ways of organizing and reporting data. Maybe for me, it is most sensible to simply organise around the questions i asked (in TMA02 I said i did it this way to make data analysis easier, so why fight it?). Other options, are round sensitizing concepts (community, practice, ...?) or round people (would descriptions of the people be useful?) I think i will group the data around the questions and then see. If too thin, one option is to send the thin data out to those involved for comment. A second one is to describe the individual responses as mini case studies and see how that compares with the other cut. Patton calls this an "analytical framework approach" and says (p 440) "an interview guide, if it has been carefully conceived, actually constitutes a descriptive analytical framework for analysis.

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Notes from chapter 8 Patton: Analysis, Interpretation and Reporting

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p434. Purpose guides analysis. So what is my purpose:

Applied qualitative research? If audience is scholars, then judged by "rigor and contribution to theory". If policy makers, relevance, clarity, utility and applicability of the findings willl become most important.

In TMA02, I called my approach "pragmatic, constructivist, critical" so let's keep that to the forefront of our minds when thinking about the purpose. I said it is for action and improvement and aimed at usefulness.

This is a kind of action research, kind of testing CoP theory? Well Yes in the sense that I expect the people involved to "share the analysis process" with me (p436), and that is by the way one form of triangulation. If my 'findings' make sense or make no sense to them.

But, there is also the purpose of the End of Module Assessment - the thesis as it were, which needs to follow the rules set down in the instructions and not 100% compatible with the way i do things.

Bear in mind, Arwen, that this research was born from an interest in social learning systems... it would be useful and satisfying if I could link back to that elegantly at the end.

 

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emerging themes

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Edited by Arwen Bailey, Saturday, 21 Jan 2012, 11:30

After four interviews (non transcribed just impressions)

the purpose (domain) is mainly very cohesive - to help poor farmers

the practice too is pretty cohesive - networking for project proposal development, discipline interactions, information about calls for grants, conferences, information about who is where when, helping younger women scientists, best practices regarding getting to women and farmers on the ground. conferences and f2f feature less.

It is not what i expected. I expected there to be more on the women's leadership and capacity building bit but this seems pretty secondary. I want to read again the networks book which identifies suitable network types for different needs. one reason i chose CoP is because CoP are good for capacity building. If the practice is not capacity building maybe another typology would be more helpful. Mind you, another reason for choosing CoP is because CoPs are about learning and learning seems to be very much part of practice

Community - quite a wide difference in boundaries of community suggested- from AWARD alumni only to the World. It may be linked to how they see community. Thinking about the types identified in lit review, one fellow seems to see it as an alumi community, the others more of a best practice, ideological or task based community. I need to read that again.

Competence - everyone is familar with email and they are in touch with others through email, facebook, linked in. My feeling but i don't know if it comes from them or my own bias is that they need to have the technology part as part of their daily interactions, not a place to visit.

Phase: varies - from non existent community to small existing active communities

Institutional form - of course it is between institutes  the fellows work in different institutes and different countries. What surprises me is the amount of support from institutes that interviewees so far claim to have. So participation in this kind of community would be integrated in work day not extra.

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research questions - parking lot for refinement

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Edited by Arwen Bailey, Friday, 25 Nov 2011, 07:45

The following questions have started leaping around in my head and i need to go to work. So parking them here for further thought and refinement. But also for comment should some passer by have comment:

  • What design principles or activities do other alumnae initiatives seem to suggest work and what not work?
  • What design principles do COP theory and Network Theory suggest are needed for a successful alumnae type thing?

Note to self: I am seeing alumnae thing as a COP so let's explicitly use that as a metaphor.

  • What are fellows' views on their own needs, desires and on the consequent shape of a COP thing?
  • What have other people experienced regarding CoP and alumnae associations that can shed light on critical design principles?
  • Once I have drawn up a long list of design principles, and possibly concrete ways forward, or some models, what do fellows think about those?
  • Are views similar for all country fellows? all levels? all ages? all disciplines?
  • regarding design, who should be in or out of 'COP'? Who should decide that?

What about the tension that I am feeling between Fellows' purposes and AWARD's purposes for having a COP.

What about seeing it as: research being a search for meaning where meaning is an emergent property of the interactions between reified objects like theory and other case studies and fellows lived experiences?

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closing in on my research purpose

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I have let go of the purpose of this research to be "to get the qualification". As long as i follow the instructions enough when writing it up, I shall get over 40% and why should I let a good research project be ruined by the constraints of a university module? I figure if the module is good - and why shouldn't it be? - it will accommodate good research.I am also letting go of pleasing work.

And so, to my research purpose...

Scratching and chewing what it is i am curious about, it comes down to this. Indications from fellows, AWARD itself and its Steering committee and donors suggest that an alumnae association/scheme/initiative1 could be useful. When I think about that from my Systems Thinking in Practice perspective, i start seeing blobs of people in trajectories, and in relationships, and with shared purpose and meanings. There is a large dollop of CoP theory there then. But also i feel there is something wider, the supra system of CoP if you like, which is social learning2 , which can be conceptualised as a learning system. The other image that comes into my mind, from Complexity thinking is that of systems far from equilibrium and near equilibrium and the energy that goes into keeping a structure in its shape, or shifting it to a new shape.

The other thing I got from TU812, and have just been reminded of by reading the Ulrich paper, is the importance of design.

Add to this, my values and beliefs that I don't want to impose my ideas on others.

Every time i looked at the Thing i want to research, i found myself in normative mode. I want to form a COP, I think a COP would be useful for our fellows when they finish the fellowship, I think they are already in a CoP though they dont know it themselves.  At the same time, I know that CoPs are notoriously difficult to set up successfully.

Anyway, all these trajectories are now coming together in the following

my research project is a system to explore design principles that have the potential to support a successful alumni system in the context of the AWARD Fellows by:

  • reading CoP literature
  • reading societal learning literature
  • case studies of other fellowship programs
  • identifying design principles
  • discussing design principles with fellows, colleagues and other stakeholders
  • drawing up a list of Most Desirable and Feasibile design principles

---------------------------------------------------

1. actually perhaps we could call this an Alumnae System as i do perceive it as a collection of entities working together for a purpose

2. Note that when i say "social learning", I do not mean collective learning but "societal learning" in the sense coined by Woodhill, Guijt and Bawden as learning that makes a difference in society. I see society in the terms of Stafford Beer that its purpose is to create what it creates. If you want it to create something different, people have to do different things and doing different things implies learning.

Permalink 2 comments (latest comment by Arwen Bailey, Sunday, 20 Nov 2011, 05:18)
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