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Alfred Anate Mayaki

A Message from Dr. Andrew Bryce

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Edited by Alfred Anate Mayaki, Tuesday, 21 Nov 2023, 18:59

Dr. Andrew Bryce, the author and research academic from the University of Sheffield - who I mentioned in a previous OU Blog post, sent me this email yesterday:

"Indeed shirking and presenteeism are two sides of the same coin. As my colleague Sarah Brown shows in her paper, the problem is that true health is not observed by the employer so it is difficult to know whether a worker is shirking or genuinely too ill to work. Likewise, they don't know whether the staff who do attend work are well enough to do the work effectively. This may be even more difficult when staff habitually work remotely. So the challenge to HR practitioners is to have incentives in place to encourage sick workers to stay at home and workers in good health to come in.

I can't say much in answer to your specific question as the policies and practices adopted by firms have not been the focus of my research. You may wish to look at another paper I have recently published with the same co-authors, looking at sickness absence. In the literature review, we highlight a number of studies that look at the effectiveness of different approaches and working conditions for reducing sickness absence. I hope this will help to guide your further reading on this subject."

Lots of ways to look at this...

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This post was written by Alfred Anate Mayaki, a student on the MSc in HRM, and was inspired by the work of Andrew M. Bryce, Jennifer Roberts, and Mark L. Bryan (2021) in a European Journal of Health Economics article entitled, “The effects of long-term health conditions on sickness absence in the UK"


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Alfred Anate Mayaki

Is Employer Branding, HR or Marketing?

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Edited by Alfred Anate Mayaki, Sunday, 5 Nov 2023, 12:35

The influential perspective that is Employer Branding is perhaps best defined as a very innovative collection of ideas and strategies that aim to position an employer favourably with respect to its target candidates. However, Employer Branding, and by extension the Employer Value Proposition (EVP), in and itself, are not a part of HR, they are part of Marketing.

It's true, and I’ll even tell you why I think this. Roughly about a year ago, whilst navigating an important ESG project, I came across an interesting document. It related to diversity, equity and inclusion in the fast-paced world of infrastructure (data centres to be exact). I could not tell you how many times and how many ESG reports I had read that had woefully omitted an effective diversity, equity and inclusion segment, but off the top of my head, it was the majority. Now, there was a specific issue I had with one particular ESG report from last year reported by Digital Realty Trust, Inc., a leading provider of data centre solutions. In the report, Digital Realty had a focus that happened to be on DEI stats. Now, the company’s workforce planning ambitions are somewhat measured. Its workforce currently consists of 75% (2,288) male employees, the remaining 25% (747) are female employees. The first thing I noticed was that the report failed to disclose any other gender class, which was a big red flag. By the same ratio, its U.S. workforce by racial group included 66% White, 11% Asian and only 9% Black employees. So, I started to think…

What if Google or Microsoft had released this report? It would have been front-page news. That took me to the next question. What are the best methods of readily presenting information produced by an organisation without encroaching on the company’s EVP? Interesting question, right? Well, a report of this magnitude – Digital Realty Trust, Inc. employs over 3,000+ workers – can readily testify to having tried the most obvious method, percentages and charts. I challenged myself as a DEI leader to come up with some alternative ways of communicating information such as this.

I am a strong believer that academia is not necessarily activism but that data can inform business strategy.

I became convinced that the lesson here was embedded in the fact that Employer Branding is not HR. That is to say, unless the DEI statistics from a report are up to the job, it is counter-productive to the company's ambition to publish them so opaquely. Employer Branding thus needs Marketing as much as Marketing needs it. Yes, critics will say it is wise and healthy to have companies produce such reports, regardless of the contents, but it is also wise to consider how internal leaders must coordinate their own strategies.

There is a strong argument that CEOs must define EVP as a separate, budgeted function, accountable to Marketing and not Recruitment or HR. This goes right back to James Ellis’ post on Substack which succinctly describes a situation whereby Employer Branding as a business function is continuously misunderstood by all types of professionals he speaks to and surveys regularly.

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This post was written by Alfred Anate Mayaki, a student on the MSc in HRM, and was inspired by the work of Lizz Pellet (2009) in a Society for Human Resource Management article entitled, “The Cultural Fit Factor: See Ch. 6 - The Mad Hatter – Human Resources as Marketer"


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Alfred Anate Mayaki

Leavism, Absenteeism, Presenteeism (and Shirking) – Forming Inferences

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Edited by Alfred Anate Mayaki, Sunday, 5 Nov 2023, 12:36

Not long before I joined the MSc in HRM, I was between program options. My research into what would be my third degree had led me to HRM as a viable route into a postdoctoral role. While considering my options with a skip in my step and a huge bout of consummate optimism, I without hesitation applied to graduate admissions at The London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) for what was meant to be a 1+3 (MRes + PhD in Employee Relations and Human Resources) - this was in late July by the way - this application ended up being for an MSc in Economics and Management, mainly due to the fact that a hard deadline for the 1+3 program had just elapsed. My only option was to apply for another Uni at short notice or defer my interest until the next academic year.

University application processes are strange things because you can't really apply everywhere, you have enough time and energy to engage in a limited number of applications. Having realised that I had spent the best part of £80 GBP - the set fee that LSE charges for the privilege of tendering its application process, chased multiple academic references for the best part of a month and produced a compelling supporting statement for what turned out to be nothing whatsoever, I decided to channel my efforts towards this distance learning program instead of LSE’s ERHR, maintaining all the prior graft I had accumulated for postdoctoral research.

Considering productivity and well-being in the literature

Whilst in a sort of quasi-transition between these two programs, I uncovered an interesting article by the team at MorganAsh. Now, I don’t wish to be too complimentary to the entire paper, but in the article, the company through its Director, Andrew Gething, speaks eloquently about Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) and absenteeism in the context of Financial Services. Whilst conducting research on this article, I came across and shared something that popped up in my academic inbox about a term called ‘presenteeism’ a few days ago courtesy of People Management magazine.

To explain, I recently wrote an article on microeconomic wage bargaining which uncovered the effect of shirking on wages. Presenteeism is essentially an extension of the shirking principle. The Brown and Sessions model is interesting because it is cited by Andrew Bryce in his paper which is perhaps the second most authoritative in the literature. Having retweeted Dr. Bryce’s post on X about his paper, which was subsequently the subject of a few exchanges between ourselves via e-mail, it was important for me to draw inferences from this duality to bring closure to my convictions. I, for one, believe that HR professionals must resolve the landscape of factors influencing dysfunctional presenteeism in practice either through soft or hard means. More on this later.

Life is a funny ol’ thing. It would almost certainly have never crossed my mind that, even with my rich vein of experience in HR, I would have stumbled across such valuable a concept as presenteeism and leavism, so early on in my respective journey.

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This post was written by Alfred Anate Mayaki, a student on the MSc in HRM, and was inspired by the work of Mark L. Bryan, Jennifer Roberts, and Andrew M. Bryce (2022) in an article entitled, “Dysfunctional Presenteeism: Effects of physical and mental health on work performance”.

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Alfred Anate Mayaki

A Primer on Board Effectiveness and Diversity

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Edited by Alfred Anate Mayaki, Sunday, 5 Nov 2023, 12:36

Earlier in the week, I was preparing to write something for Medium, before discovering this Open University online blog space. While I was still drafting the blog, I ran into an old friend of mine who shared an interesting read by Michael O'Dwyer from the Financial Times. I was somewhat concerned, as concerned as she was. Not only about the findings of the survey but about the decision-making processes that must have been taken to arrive at this clearly egregious course of action. What course of action am I referring to? 

I am referring to a preference to hire those with senior-level experience over candidates with diverse backgrounds. This is something I will refer to as an anti-diversity challenge.

An anti-diversity challenge, in my view, is any unfortunate course of action that contradicts the commitment an organisation has previously made towards promoting diversity (in this case, we are speaking of anti-diversity within boards).

Observing the rationale for greater board effectiveness through the lens of diversity

As per the article by Michael O’Dwyer, Spencer Stuart, the executive search firm conducting the study, noted in the firm’s 2023 UK Board Index that in the last 12 months and for the first time, the number of ethnically diverse and female directors in publicly-listed firms had fallen. Why was this the case? Indeed, Spencer Stuart reports that this phenomenon is owed to the fact that boards are seemingly self-perpetuating entities, preferring to hire candidates who have previous experience spearheading publicly listed companies.

We know that to their detriment UK Boards are lacking (somewhat severely) in HR expertise, according to recent CIPD research. But in order to combat this dilemma highlighted in the FT, what approach to board search is needed by listed companies in order to achieve the objective of greater board effectiveness?

Well, we all believe effective boards are competent boards. Right? Effective boards are able to execute their duties with maximum impact and without unnecessary hindrance. As such, the optimal search process should ideally attribute its resources impartially.

According to the FT’s columnist, Michael O’Dwyer, there is a caveat to the underlying findings of the Spencer Stuart Board Index. That caveat is that, despite the disappointing findings of the annual survey, there was an increase in women becoming senior independent directors. A role that is often a “good stepping stone” to the position of board chair.

A worthy caveat. However, this cannot possibly be the kind of workplace we want to work towards in our respective journeys or to promote on behalf of our organisations. Can it?

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This post was written by Alfred Anate Mayaki, a student on the MSc in HRM, and was inspired by the work of Stephanie J. Creary (2023) in an MIT Sloan Management Review article entitled, “How Diversity Can Boost Board Effectiveness”.


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